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 The Bodleian Library: History of the library and its collections

The Bodleian Library

2. OUTLINE OF THE COLLECTIONS

Named collections

2.78 Many donated or purchased collections have been kept together under a name indicating their source or their background. In what follows these collections are discussed in alphabetical order, excluding collections with insignificant German material.

Allen

2.79 The collection of Percy Stafford Allen (1869-1933) was bequeathed to the Bodleian Library by his widow in 1953. The most important aspect of the collection is that of his working library as the editor of Erasmus's Opus epistolarum. Out of a collection of 526 pre-1900 items, 225 are from the German-speaking area, of which 93 are from the 16th century. Works by or on Erasmus himself are the most important feature of the collection, represented by 76 items, 63 of which are from the 16th century, and 49 from before 1536, the year Erasmus died. This is one of the focal points for the library's extensive collection of works by or on Erasmus. The library's total pre-1920 holdings amount to 1,013 items, of which 489 are from the German-speaking area. Of these 441 are from the 16th century, 382 of which are editions from before Erasmus's death in 1536. The Bodleian Library collection of Erasmus-related items has been extensively developed by purchase, particularly since the Second World War, and the largest share of the holdings, 125 items, is now found in the Veteriora section (see below 2.164-2.167).

Antiquiora

2.80 The shelfmark "Antiq." was used between 1833 and 1936 for antiquarian purchases. 835 items are from the German-speaking area. By far the greater part, 575 items, are from the 16th century, the most dominant author being Erasmus with 64 items. The collection gives evidence of the general policy of purchasing further in areas of existing strength. For instance, out of the library's total of 78 items from the German-speaking area by Joachim Camerarius (1500-1574) seven are in the "Antiq." section; out of the 23 by Joachim Camerarius (1534-1598) 11 are in this section. A centre of interest seems to have been the German Counter-Reformation. 124 of the relevant items are printed in Cologne; by way of example, there are 4 items from the German-speaking area by Dionysius Carthusianus, supplementing the 19 other editions in the Bodleian, all but one printed in Cologne, 6 editions of Luis de Granada, out of 16, all but one printed in Cologne; and 4 out of the library's 8 works from the German-speaking area by Luis de Puente, all printed in Cologne.

AS

2.81 "AS" is a shelfmark used for purchases from c. 1805 to c. 1820. The letters AS have no meaning, but apparently follow the pattern of the shelfmark called "BS". In "AS" 114 items are from the German-speaking area.

Ashmole

2.82 Elias Ashmole (1617-1692), the antiquary, bequeathed his books to the University of Oxford, for the Ashmolean Museum. This collection was transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1860. Out of a total of 8,038, 305 items are from the German-speaking area. The collection is strong in works relating to astronomy, ephemerides, alchemy, and iatrochemistry. Characteristic are David Origanus, Ephemerides novæ annorum xxxvi, incipientes ab anno Christi M.D.XCV ...& desinentes in annum M.DC.XXX (Frankfurt/Oder 1599), or Cornelius Pleierus, Medicus-criticus-astrologus, ex veteribus iatromathematicis productus (Nuremberg 1627).

2.83 In all his areas of interest, Ashmole collected manuals and synopses, such as Johann Rothmann, Meteorologiæ synopsis, hoc est, compendium doctrinæ de meteoris (Frankfurt a. M. 1619), as well as standard works, such as Albuhazen, Libri de iudiciis astrorum (Basel 1551). Ashmole A-H contains additions to Ashmole's own collection, made from the libraries of John Aubrey (1626-1697), Edward Lhuyd (1660-1712), Martin Lister (1638?; 1712; see also Lister below 2.128 ), and from the University's chemical library founded in 1683. Little German material is found in this part of the collection, although some items indicate an awareness of the work of German academic circles: one finds the first seven instalments of the periodical Miscellanea curiosa medico-physica Academiæ naturæ curiosorum, sive Ephemeridum medico-physicarum Germanicarum curiosarum annus primus (-septimus) (Leipzig 1670-1677).

Auctarium

2.84 The Auctarium was the name of the room which was set up in 1789 as an area supplementary to Duke Humfrey's Library. The 5,490 items previously shelved there are shelfmarked "Auct.". Of these, 1,720 are from the German-speaking area. They are preponderantly incunabula, with the exception of 159 which are mainly from the 16th century. The books in this section are purchases made after 1789, frequently supplemented with books extracted from other collections. The shelfmark was in use as late as 1940, although very few books were added after the 1880s. When the Auctarium was opened it was designed as a reading room for scholars collating manuscripts and printed editions of classical texts and of the Bible, who were preparing editions for publication with the University Press. Many first editions of the classics were bought specifically for this purpose.

2.85 "Auct. K" and "Auct. L" contain mainly classical texts, 50 of which are from the German-speaking area, 22 incunables, 27 from the 16th century and one from the 17th century, e.g. a vellum copy of Cicero, Officiorum liber. Paradoxa ([Mainz]: J. Fust and P. Schoeffer 1465; GW 6921), a book which had been in the Bodleian Library from 1602; whereas the neighbouring book on the shelf, the edition from [Mainz]: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer, 4 February 1466 (GW 6922 note 2) was purchased in 1805 for £36.15.0.

2.86 The 98 relevant items from "Auct. N" and "Auct. O" and "Auct. P" are also mainly classical texts, but some patristic authors are represented, as are a few medieval works; one can mention the Legenda S. Albani Hungarici martyris (Cologne: eponymous printer, c. 1472/3; GW 515) and the Libellus de raptu anime Tundali (Cologne: printer of Historia S. Albani, c. 1474).

2.87 "Auct. M" contains 36 Bibles, or parts of the Bible, printed in the German-speaking area; these are all incunabula and are supplemented by 13 Biblical incunabula in "Auct. Y". "Auct. M" also contains some of the library's blockbooks, Canticum canticorum and Biblia pauperum, from the Junius collection (see below 2.122), and Apocalypsis from the Laud collection (see below 2.124) and an edition of the Apocalypsis (W. L. Schreiber, Un catalogue des livres xylographiques, Leipzig 1911, ed. V) bought in 1853 from Adolph Asher & Co. for £120.5.0 (compare Bills 1851-1855, no. 77 "Dicta Johannis", with purchase list for the year).

2.88 "Auct. S" contains mainly 16th and 17th-century imprints of the classics, 57 from the German-speaking area. "Auct. 1Q", "Auct. 2Q", and "Auct. 4Q" to "Auct. 6Q" mainly contain a variety of medieval theological, devotional, and, to a lesser extent, legal texts, to some extent ordered according to date of acquisition, or date of transferral to the "Auct." section from other collections in the library, e.g. Constituciones Clementis V (Mainz: Peter Schoeffer, 8 October 1467; GW 7078), purchased in 1825 for £36, or Thomas Aquinas, De articulis fidei [Mainz: printer of the Catholicon, c. 1460].

2.89 The 233 relevant items in "Auct. 7Q" comprise a high proportion of patristic texts: many of these were until 1825 housed among "Auct. K" and "Auct. L". "Auct. 3Q" mainly contains legal texts, both canon and civil law: nearly all the 100 relevant items are incunabula.

Bibles

2.90 From the late 18th century but particularly during the time of Bulkeley Bandinel as Librarian, from 1813 to 1860, the Bodleian Library had a policy of acquiring early editions of the Bible or parts of the Bible both in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin and in European and non-European vernaculars. This was a revival of an interest evidenced already in the earliest years of the library. Substantial prices were paid: the edition from Mainz by Peter Schoeffer, 1461 (GW 4204), was bought in 1793 for £127.15.0; the 42-line Bible in 1793 for £100. The first German edition of the Bible ([Strasbourg: Heinrich Eggestein, not after 1470]; GW 4296), bought for £50 in 1794, and the edition ([Strasbourg: Johann Mentelin, not after 1461]; GW 4203) was purchased in 1826 for £94.10.0. The Wittenberg edition of the Pentateuch and the New Testament from 1529 was bought in 1856 for £18.8.0, and the first Lutheran translation of the Bible, from 1534, was bought for £26.8.0 in 1853.

2.91 Many Bibles were placed in a separate sequence called "Bibl." , "N.T" , or "O.T." , subdivided by language, but Bibles, both bought and donated, are found in many other collections. For incunabula an attempt was made to acquire all editions; obviously, this was not achieved but, excluding Hebrew editions, the library has 113 incunable editions, a fair selection of the 123 editions listed by the Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke. Another aspiration was to have the Bible represented in as many languages as possible. From the German-speaking area there are 714 editions of the Biblical texts or of commentaries. Of these 118 are Bibles in Latin and 78 in German or Low German, but other languages are also represented, e.g. Estonian and Czech. In the Rawlinson collection there is a copy of the Bible in Wendish, printed in Bautzen in 1727-1728. There are five polyglot Bibles, three from the 16th century. The library also holds a copy of the Coverdale Bible, an English Protestant translation printed in Cologne in 1535.

Broxbourne

2.92 The Broxbourne collection was named after the country house of its owner, Albert Ehrman (1890-1969); a substantial part of his collection was presented to the Bodleian Library in 1978, through the Friends of the National Libraries, by John Ehrman (b. 1920), in memory of his parents. This part of the Broxbourne collection was created with two main interests in mind, the history of bookbinding and the history of the distribution of books. 375 items were printed in the German-speaking area, 309 from before 1651, 76 of which are incunabula. 171 bindings have been identified as German, of which 26 are from the 15th century and 112 from the 16th century. Two examples of books acquired by Ehrman for their bindings are Johannes Gerson, Opera (Strasbourg 1488), bound for the Celestine monastery at Oybin near Zittau; and the New Testament in Serbo-Croat, printed in Urach in 1562 for Jan Ungnad, prefect of Styria, tooled in gold and blind by the Tübingen binder Samuel Streler. An example of a non-German book in a German binding is Thomas Aquinas, Super quarto libro Sententiarum (Venice: J. Herbort for Johannes de Colonia 1481), in a contemporary binding made for the convent of SS Cosmas et Damianus at Liesborn.

2.93 The Broxbourne collection supplements the library's general holdings, as the Bodleian Library does not normally purchase books for their bindings. However, the library as a rule has not rebound old books unless it was necessary, and many of the incunabula which were acquired from Germany in the 19th century are still in their late medieval bindings. Ehrman's interest in the distribution of books is reflected in a collection of book-sale catalogues, several from the 15th century, including the publisher's announcement of the Rudimentum nouitiorum [Lübeck: Lucas Brandis, before 5 Aug. 1475]; also later, such as Librorum per Ioannem Oporinum partim excusorum hactenus, partim in eiusdem officina uenalium, index (Basel 1552). The collection also comprises a significant number of single sheets; out of the library's total of 108 single sheets deriving from the German-speaking area, 37 are to be found in the Broxbourne collection; of these 37, 22 are incunabula. Among these, indulgences are well represented, as are many other types of early ephemeral printing, e.g. a warning against faked coins, Hie seind ze mercken die zeichen der falschen guldin ym nyderland gemacht (Ulm: [J. Zainer 1482]), and call-up papers, Ausschreiben an alle Stände des Reiches mit der Wiederholung der Weisung, sich zum Krieg gegen Frankreich bereit zu halten [Basel: Michael Furter?, after 11 February 1493]. A few items bought at the Broxbourne sale (London: Sotheby, 8 May 1978) are now kept in the "Vet." or "Inc." sequences.

Buchanan

2.94 This collection belonged to Thomas Ryburn Buchanan (1846-1911). Out of the 516 items presented by his widow in 1941, 56 items are from the German-speaking area; among these the Problemata Aristotelis in German (Frankfurt a. M. 1551). The collection contains examples of fine printing, and of Scottish and European bindings, few from Germany.

Bywater

2.95 Ingram Bywater (1840-1914), Regius Professor of Greek 1893-1908, bequeathed his books to the Bodleian Library. Bywater had an interest in the history of learning and in the study of the classics in the early modern period. His area of collection is one that is central to the general collections of the library and his books therefore supplemented and reinforced existing holdings, rather than added a radically new perspective. Out of the collection of 4,492 items, 4,261 are from before 1651; this explains why German books are relatively scarce in this collection: only 882 items are relevant for the German-speaking area. Of these 769 are from before 1620. Thus out of the library's 25 items by Josephus Justus Scaliger printed in the German-speaking area, 16 are represented in the Bywater collection. The corresponding figures for Caspar Schoppius are 14 out of 38; for Andreas Eudaemon-Joannes 11 out of 13. Bywater was an editor of Aristotle and had a particular interest in the Aristotelian tradition. Just over 10 per cent of the collection is by or on Aristotle. The Bywater Collection's 82 Aristotelian works printed in the German-speaking area before 1651 make up the largest single component of the library's holdings in this field, e.g. pseudo-Aristotle, Tractatus de pomo et morte. Tractatus ...de bona fortuna [etc.] ([Cologne: A. ther Hoernen, c. 1472]; GW 2450). The library as a whole has 655 Aristotelian items from the German-speaking area, 309 of which are from before 1600. As is to be expected in a collection like Bywater's with a bias towards editions of classical texts, Basel is the most represented printing-town from the German-speaking area, with 245 items, all from the 16th century, followed by Frankfurt a. M. (74 items) and Augsburg (67 items), Strasbourg (51 items), Cologne (56 items) and Heidelberg (40 items), these mainly from the two decades around the turn of the 16th century. There are 26 incunabula from the German-speaking area, of which 8 are by Aristotle and 6 are editions of Walter Burley's De vita ac moribus philosophorum.

CAPS

2.96 This shelfmark was used 1860-1883 for antiquarian accessions of folios and large quartos. 33 out of 404 items are from the German-speaking area.

Crynes

2.97 Nathaniel Crynes (1686-1745) bequeathed to the Bodleian Library those books in his collection of which the library did not already possess copies. The folios were placed in the general sequences, but the books in smaller formats were kept as one collection. They now form the Crynes collection which contains 1,201 items, out of which 271 are relevant. Of these, 118 are from the 16th century; e.g. two works by the English Protestant Thomas Becon, like the parents of Sir Thomas Bodley a Marian exile, A confutacion of that popishe and antichristian doctryne which mainteineth ye ministracyon ...of the sacrament vnder one kind, made dialogewise by Gracyous Menewe [Wesel? 1555?]; A plaine subuersyon ...of all the argumentes that the popecatholykes can make for the maintenaunce of auricular confession, made dialogue wyse by Gracyous Menewe [Wesel? 1555?]. Four of the library's 22 items printed in Wesel during the reign of the Catholic Mary are in the Crynes collection; the Tanner collection (see below 2.159), and the Douce collection (see below 2.106-2.114) each have 4 editions, while there are 6 editions in the faculty-based sequences. Other books in the Crynes collection relating to the Marian exiles are John Ponet, A shorte treatise of politike pouuer, and of the true obedience which subiectes owe to kynges and other ciuile gouernours, with an exhortacion to all true naturall Englishe men ([Strasbourg: heirs of W. Köpfel] 1556); Laurence Saunders[?], A trewe mirrour or glase wherin we maye beholde the wofull state of thys our realme of Englande, set forth in a dialogue or communicacion betwene Eusebius and Theophilus ([Wesel?] 1556). Crynes also has two editions of a work by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, for English use, printed in Emden: Defensio veræ et catholicæ doctrinæ de sacramento corporis & sanguinis Christi ...& quorundam in hac causa errorum confutatio ([Emden?] 1553) and [Emden?] 1557). In all, the library has 10 works printed in English in Emden, three in the Tanner collection (see below 2.159 ).

Shelfmark Delta

2.98 Δ 1-3 was in use from 1824 to 1861. Foreign books were placed in Δ 1 and Δ 2. Out of a total of 5,223, 757 items are relevant, 560 items being 19th-century academic works purchased close to the time of publication. Δ 4-5 were used from 1861 to 1883, an unclassified shelfmark for newly acquired older books, several of them illustrated, such as Sigismund von Herberstein, Rerum Moscoviticarum commentarii ([Vienna:] J. Singriener [1549]), or Livy, Libri omnes, quotquot ad nostram aetatem peruenerunt: vna cum doctissimorum virorum in eos lucubrationes (Frankfurt a. M.: G. Rab, S. Feyerabend and heirs of W. Han 1568), with the woodcuts of Jost Amman.

Deneke-Mendelssohn collection see under Music (above 2.76)

Dissertationes

2.99 This collection contains academic disputations and a smaller quantity of other academic material such as school programmes and orations; a very large collection of disputations was purchased in 1827 for £332.16.0; the figure of 43,000 traditionally given must, however, be slightly exaggerated. The books came from Altona through the London booksellers Black, Young, and Young (see manuscript accounts), who clearly had German connections as evidenced by their catalogue of books announced at the Leipzig Fair in 1830. In 1828, 160 vols of "tractatus varii" were bought for £46.9.0 likewise from Black, Young, and Young. In 1836, 1,086 "dissertationes academicæ varii argumenti" were bought for £27.11.0, listed as one item in the printed list of purchases. These were supplemented with 7,000 further disputations in 1846, for £ 30.4.0, also from a German source (listed as one item in 1846 purchase list). A smaller number of academic disputations is found in other collections of the library.

2.100 The material contained under the shelfmark "Diss." combined with disputations contained in other collections constitutes a total of 41,391 bibliographical items, 35,374 of which are from the German-speaking area, many in several copies. The chronological distribution indicates that this type of academic publication reached its highest level in the first half of the 18th century: 319 are from the 16th century; 1923 from the first half of the 17th century; 8,614 from the second half of the 17th century; 12,225 from the first half of the 18th century; 6,671 from the second half of the 18th century; 2,439 are from the 19th century, only 45, however, being disputations with a named praeses and respondens, most being school programmes and orations held at public events of learned institutions. The remainder carry no date.

2.101 The collection of disputations is not classified according to subject, nor do the catalogue entries mention the faculty at which the thesis was defended. However, a detailed analysis of titles has made it possible to allocate all but 3,399 to one of the four faculties. The faculty of law is best represented, 19,325 items bearing on topics related to either civil or canon law; particularly in the law faculty it is noticeable how a few very important names account for a high proportion of the titles. Of the library's 228 titles by Georg Adam Struve, e.g., 222 are in the "Diss." section. 6,702 belong to the arts faculty in its wide sense, comprising the classics as well as astronomy, physics etc.; 2,538 are theological, and 346 are medical.

2.102 An analysis of the dissertations by the religious denomination of the institutions can be made. As the greater part of the material is from the last half of the 17th and the first part of the 18th century, the denomination of the institution after the Thirty Years' War has been used, Heidelberg's contribution being split in pre-1685 and post-1685 books. Sixteen Lutheran universities contribute 26,998 items: Leipzig is the most prominent with 5,117 items, followed by Jena (5,060), Wittenberg (3,082), Halle an der Saale (2,890), Helmstedt (2,024), Altdorf (1,930), Tübingen (1,312), Göttingen (1,307), Strasbourg (1,169), Giessen (1,034), Rostock (641), Rinteln (447), Kiel (383), Greifswald (360) and Königsberg (242). Eight Calvinist universities provide 2,223 items: Marburg (778), Frankfurt/Oder (710), Basel (234), pre-1685 Heidelberg (157), Duisburg (139) and Erlangen (205). Eighteen Catholic universities contribute a total of 1,570, of which 1,052 are from Erfurt alone, which also had a Lutheran element; of the others only Würzburg (138) and post-1685 Heidelberg (102) are represented by more than 100 items. Many universities are represented with less than 100 items. Some Gymnasien are also represented with works in disputation form, among these are Bremen (172), Hamburg (131), Gdansk [Danzig] (123), and Frankfurt a. M. (72).

2.103 As the collection of disputations in its entirety is also of relevance here, consisting of collections created in Germany, it is noteworthy that the greatest part of the disputations from outside the German-speaking area comes from the Netherlands, Sweden, France, and Denmark, 2,101, 408, 265, and 117, respectively, the strong Nordic element possibly being a reflection of the geographical and political position of Altona, the provenance of the largest constituent collection.

2.104 Many professors are responsible for a very high number of items, notably Peter Müller stands for 320 items; Justus Henning Boehmer stands for 302 items; Christian Heinrich Breuning stands for 287; Johan Ihre stands for 239 items; Johann Volkmar Bechmann stands for 205 items; Heinrich Cocceij stands for 200 items; Johann Samuel Stryk stands for 193 items; Adrian Beier stands for 154 items; Heinrich Bode stands for 149 items; Georg Heinrich Ayrer stands for 107 items.

Donations

2.105 The shelfmark "Don." contains books donated to the library 1925-1982, mainly through the Friends of the Bodleian Library or Bodley's American Friends. Out of 2,499 items only 49 are relevant, indicating the strong British interest of the Friends. These 49 illustrate some important focuses of the Bodleian's antiquarian purchases in those years; 15 are incunabula, many supplement the collections of books relating to the Reformation, and a number are British works published abroad, e.g. William Penn, Früchte der Einsamkeit. Aus dem Englischen [by J. F. Schiller] (Tübingen 1785).

Douce

2.106 Francis Douce (1757-1834) bequeathed his collection of 19,100 items to the Bodleian Library, of which 1,966 are from the German-speaking area. He collected in the years during which the Bodleian Library too was a very active buyer on the market.

2.107 Whereas the library concentrated on books of traditional academic importance, Douce had other tastes, determined less by the university tradition and more by the interest of the Romantics in the Middle Ages with its devotional and popular culture. He was interested in woodcuts, often in contexts not associated with the academic disciplines. An example of this interest in popular culture, and of how far removed this interest was from an academic library, is his collection of printed playing cards. In the collection are 13 packs of German engraved cards, among them a pack of Hans Sebald Beham's cards printed in Nuremberg c. 1523; some of Virgil Solis's pack of cards of monkeys, lions, parrots, and peacocks; and the pack of cards made in Strasbourg in 1629 for Thomas Murner to assist the teaching of logic. These cards bridged his interest between the history of printing and the history of illustration. The collection also contains two blockbooks, the Apocalypsis (Schreiber ed. II) from around 1470, and the Biblia pauperum (Schreiber ed. III), at Douce's time also sometimes thought to represent popular culture.

2.108 The Douce collection contains the three great books of Dürer from Nuremberg 1511, Passio domini nostri, Apocalypsis, and Epitome in diuæ parthenices Mariæ historiam, bound together in a contemporary Nuremberg binding. He collected fables, lives of saints, sermons, manuals for preachers, all being types of literature which were underrepresented in the Bodleian. 16 of the library's 18 relevant editions of Jost Amman's books of woodcuts are found in the Douce collection.

2.109 His collection also has more books in vernacular languages than one finds among those which the Bodleian Library bought in the same years. Editions from the German-speaking area of works by Sebastian Brant, mainly the Stultifera navis, are represented by 19 items in the Douce collection, supplemented with 16 other editions in other parts of the Bodleian. Including editions produced outside the German-speaking area the library's holdings of works by Brant amount to 60 different editions.

2.110 The Douce collection is the core of the library's strong holdings of Aesop and other fable collections. Douce has 20 editions of Aesop produced in the German-speaking area; this collection is supplemented by 49 editions in other collections. Because of the editorial contribution of Steinhöwel other editions among the library's total of 437 pre-1900 Aesop editions will be of German relevance. Four out of the library's 9 editions of the fables now ascribed to Bidpai, are in the Douce collection, including Dinckmut's 1485 Ulm edition of Anton von Pfarre's translation. In the "Auct." sequence is a copy of the edition from Strasbourg (Knoblochtzer 1481) with a contemporary English manuscript translation.

2.111 Similarly the Douce collection is the core of the library's strong holdings of the Dance of Death, with 24 of the library's 41 editions of the Dance of Death from the German-speaking area. In Douce's collection is e.g. Todentantz (Augsburg: Jost de Negker 1544), with the cuts of Jost de Negker, based on the cuts made by Hans Lützenberger, from designs generally attributed to Hans Holbein, first published in Les simulacres & historiées faces de la mort (Lyon: Melchior and Gaspar Treschel 1538), of which there is also a copy in the Douce collection, one of the library's 163 pre-1900 editions of the Dance of Death from outside the German-speaking area. Connected with the Dance of Death is the Ars moriendi. But here the German presence is less strong with only 10 out of the library's 33 pre-1920 editions, and only two in the Douce collection.

2.112 Representing Douce's interest both in liturgies and in illustration is the splendidly hand-illuminated copy of the Hours of the Virgin according to the use of Rome, printed, probably in 10 copies only, for the emperor Maximilian ([Augsburg]: Johann Schoensperger 1513). Douce's other copy of this work is unilluminated. A third copy of the book is now in Keble College, Oxford. All three copies are of variant settings.

2.113 Also related to Maximilian are Melchior Pfintzing, Die geuerlicheiten ...des helds und Ritters herr Tewerdancks (Nuremberg 1517) of which Douce had two copies, one partly printed on vellum. Douce also had a copy of the 1519 Augsburg edition of the same work. Jost de Negker's illustrations and the medievalising nature of the text would equally have made these books obvious candidates for Douce to include in his collection.

2.114 Although not interested in medicine, Douce acquired medical books if they were notable for their illustrations. Characteristically, the collection contains Georg Bartisch, Oφθαλμοδουλεια .Das ist Augendienst (Dresden 1583) with its composite plates of eyes. Douce, of course, owned copies of both the 1493 and the 1497 edition of Hartmann Schedel's Liber chronicarum. The Bodleian copy of the German-language 1493 edition of the work is in another collection, and we have to go to the Broxbourne collection for a Bodleian copy of the single sheet advertisement of the book, also from 1493. Possibly the greatest individual German treasure in Douce's collection is the Canon missae [Mainz: Johann Fust and Peter Schoeffer 1457/58], one of the 479 incunabula in the Douce collection, of which 163 are from the German-speaking area.

Gladstone

2.115 William Ewart Gladstone (1809-1898), the statesman, presented 258, mainly 19th-century, items on topics relating to Homeric studies. Of these 56 are from the German-speaking area, including several school programmes which would not otherwise have reached the Bodleian.

Godwyn

2.116 Charles Godwyn (1700?-1770) bequeathed a collection of books and tracts, mainly on English history and on church history. 1,085 are shelfmarked "Godw.", of which only 38 are from the German-speaking area. Among the pamphlets, shelfmarked "G. pamph.", 266 are from the German-speaking area; many items were, however, added later and it is now not possible to determine which were library purchases and which came with the Godwyn bequest.

Gough

2.117 Richard Gough (1735-1809) bequeathed to the Bodleian Library large sections of his collections. 141 out of 7,141 are relevant. Several of these deal with Germanic literature and German topography concerning areas of Anglo-Saxon interest, for instance Georg Green, De Rugia insula maris Baltici disputatio (Wittenberg 1678); or Albertus Bartholinus, De scriptis Danorum, liber posthumus, auctior ed. a T. Bartholino (Hamburg 1699).

Holkham

2.118 The Holkham collection contains books bought by the Bodleian Library in 1953 from the collection of the Earls of Leicester, at Holkham Hall. The books were mainly collected by Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester (1697-1759). Only 24 items out of 892 are relevant, all from before 1550. The paucity of German books reflects the preponderantly Italian interest of the Cokes.

Jacobs

2.119 In 1849 some 212 monographs on classical topics were acquired through the auctioneer Stephens, from the library of Friedrich Christian W. Jacobs (1764-1847), for £ 69.17.6 (according to printed purchase list, but according to manuscript accounts, £66.17.6). Many of the volumes are authors' presentation copies to Jacobs. A separate list of Jacobs's books was published in the annual purchase list.

Jessel

2.120 Frederic Jessel (d. 1934) bequeathed in 1934 c. 3,400 vols relating to gaming, card games, etc., but also stochastic theory. Only 25 items are relevant for this purpose, for instance Guide pour jouer à la roulette et au trente-un ou rouge et noire. Nouvelle édition, corrigée par J. J. Weih [in French and German] (Baden-Baden [1854]). (See also Douce 2.107, John Johnson 2.121, and Murray 2.136.)

Johnson

2.121 The John Johnson collection of printed ephemera was formed at the Oxford University Press by John de Monins Johnson (1882-1956), Printer to the University. It was transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1968. It is a predominantly British collection, but some quantities of German material are found in several of its sections. There are a few printed bill headings; quite a number of late 19th-century printing specimens and trade cards, mainly from printing establishments. In the section on seasonal greeting booklets there is a significant collection of items printed in English for the English market in the late 19th century by the Bavarian printing house of Nister. In the section called "penmen", there is a number of copy books of writing masters, several of which are German. John Johnson also had a collection of printed books which are now shelfmarked Johnson. 50 of these are relevant for this purpose. Many are related to the history of books and printing. For instance the collection holds five 16th-century Frankfurt Fair catalogues.

Junius

2.122 Franciscus Junius (1589-1677) was born in Heidelberg, but lived in England for many years as the librarian of the Earl of Arundel. He went to Holland 1651-1674, but returned to Oxford and left his printed books and manuscripts to the Bodleian Library. He developed an interest in Anglo-Saxon and other Germanic languages. The Junius collection is mainly a manuscript collection, but contains 51 printed books, mostly of philological interest. The collection contained two blockbooks, Biblia pauperum (Schreiber ed. XI) and Canticum canticorum (Schreiber ed. II), although they are no longer shelved with the collection (see Auctarium above 2.87).

Kirchenkampf

2.123 Nathaniel Micklem (1888-1976), principal of Mansfield College, collected works relating to the Kirchenkampf, mainly from his own contacts during his travels in Germany in 1937 and 1938. He also received material from Ethel Stevenson, and from Dorothy Buxton who, in 1935, went to Berlin and protested to Göring about the concentration camps. This collection was presented to the Bodleian in 1946. It has been substantially augmented by items collected by the Rev. Richard Gutteridge from 1933 to 1937 and from 1947 to 1951. A part of his collection was presented to the Bodleian in 1983 and further instalments have since been received. The collection contains over 1,000 items, much of it from the Bekennende Kirche, books and pamphlets, broadsheets, many clandestinely published and distributed, reports of meetings, and some private letters. The collection is kept together in the numerical sequence under "2710".

Laud

2.124 William Laud (1573-1645), Archbishop of Canterbury, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, made a number of donations to the Bodleian Library in 1635, 1636, 1639, and 1640; Laud's donations consisted chiefly of manuscripts, but his collection contains a number of important printed books, mainly with a Würzburg provenance, e.g. the Missale Herbipolense printed by Reyser in Würzburg in 1481. The Laud donation also included a blockbook, the Apocalypsis (Schreiber ed. IV), donated in 1638. A few German imprints donated by Laud had an early English provenance, among these Birgitta, Revelationes ([Lübeck]: Bartholomaeus Ghotan [for Vadstena Monastery, before 25 November] 1492). Most of the printed books donated by Laud have since been moved to the Auctarium (see above 2.84).

Libri Hungarici

2.125 According to the manuscript accounts of 1850 this collection was bought for £78.0.0; Bulkeley Bandinel, Bodley's Librarian, had expressed a wish for a collection on Hungarian matters, and Abraham Isaac Asher, the Berlin bookseller, immediately found one and offered it to the Bodleian Library in a letter to Bandinel of 22 March 1850, and subsequent letters (Library Records d.248), sending a section of an unidentified Leipzig bookseller's catalogue. Bandinel, however, appears to have bought the collection directly from the Leipzig dealer. Out of 329 items 95 are relevant for the German-speaking area, items relating to Hungary, many printed in Vienna, but also from elsewhere in Germany or Austria, including, e.g.: Erasmus Francisci, Der blutig-lang-gereitzte, endlich aber sieghafft-entzündte, Adler-Blitz, wider den Glantz dess barbarischen ...Mord-Brandes, in historischer Erzehlung der Kriegs-Empörungen ungarischer Malcontanten (Nuremberg 1684).

Libri Polonici

2.126 The collection, part of the library of Jósef Andrzej Lukaszewicz, the Polish Protestant writer, was bought in 1850 for £366.6.0 according to the manuscript accounts. The collection was bought via Abraham Isaac Asher from a Mr J. Lissner, a bookseller in Poznan [Posen] (Asher's letter to Bandinel 27 May 1850). (There was no involvement of Hirsch Edelmann as claimed by Zofia Florczak; see below 5, Libri polonici.) The collection contains 1,676 vols, mainly in Polish or Latin. Of these 475 items emanate from German-speaking areas or communities. This includes Prussian statutes printed in Gdansk in 1578 and 1579. The relevant parts of the collection mainly contain works about Poland or in Polish produced in the German-speaking area, e.g. Aesop in Polish from Leipzig, 1731, part of the series Bibliotheca Polono-poetica.

Lincoln

2.127 Thomas Barlow (1607-1691), Bodley's librarian 1652-1660, Archdeacon of Oxford 1664, Bishop of Lincoln 1675, bequeathed those books not already there to the Bodleian Library, the remainder going to the Queen's College, Oxford. Barlow's folios were not kept as a part of the separate collection, but were shelved with the general collection. Five incunabula, two of which are German, have since been extracted from the "Linc." collection and are now placed in the "Auct." sequence (see Auctarium above 2.84). 10,201 items are shelfmarked "Linc." of which 1,348 were produced in the German-speaking area. Because many books were added to the "Linc." collection at a later date, as space was available on the shelves, here we consider only the 1,077 relevant items printed before Bishop Barlow's death. The nature of Barlow's collection is similar to that of the faculty-based collections of the library, the arts and the theological bias being even stronger. As in the library's own collection, both Protestant and Roman Catholic literature is well represented. As distinct from the library's general 17th-century collections of theological and arts books Barlow's collection shows little sign of extensive retrospective purchases: only 303 of the books from the German-speaking area are from before 1600; Barlow's collection was a working library of a 17th-century divine. There are 58 disputations in the collection, 16 from Heidelberg in the 1590s.

Lister

2.128 Martin Lister (1638?-1712), the physician and zoologist, bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum a collection centring on botany and medicine and related topics, which was transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1860. (See also Ashmole, above 2.82.) Out of the 1,079 items in the Lister collection, 139 are from the German-speaking area, some supplementing the gaps which arose in the general collections of the library during the difficult years of the mid-17th century, e.g. Hieronymus Barbatus, Dissertatio elegantissima de sanguine et eius sero (Frankfurt a. M. 1667); and Johann Ludwig Hannemann, Prodromus lexici utriusque medicinæ practicæ (Hamburg 1670).

Locke

2.129 The greater part of the section of books owned by John Locke (1632-1704) and left to Peter King (1669-1734) was bought by the Bodleian Library from the descendants of the latter in 1947. In 1951, the remainder of the books left to Peter King was found and bought for the Bodleian Library by Paul Mellon. Locke owned no books in German. C. 12 per cent of his books were printed in the German-speaking area.

Malone

2.130 The Shakespearean collection of Edmund Malone (1741-1812) contains only 5 items from the German-speaking area, one being John Bale, A comedy concernynge thre lawes, of nature, Moses & Christ, corrupted by the Sodomytes, Pharysees, and Papystes ([Wesel? 1548?]). However, additions were made to the collection, in effect using the shelfmark as a classified sequence for Shakespearean studies. This sequence was shelfmarked as "Malone adds.", inter alia 105 19th-century items from the German-speaking area relating to Shakespearean studies, or being German editions of Shakespeare.

Mansfield

2.131 The collection was purchased from Mansfield College, Oxford, in 1965. It is mainly theological and relating to the Congregational Church, but also more widely to dissenting churches in general. Out of 2,205 items 319 are from the German-speaking area, mainly 19th-century sermons or lectures, such as Julius Duboc, Das Leben ohne Gott, Untersuchungen über den ethischen Gehalt des Atheismus (Hanover 1875). (For another connection with the dissenting tradition see Kirchenkampf, above 2.123.)

Marshall

2.132 Thomas Marshall (1621-1685) was a pupil of Franciscus Junius (see above 2.122) and shared his philological interests. He had lived in Rotterdam and Dort as chaplain to the Merchant Venturers before becoming rector of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1672. He bequeathed his printed books, which were received in 1690. At least 158 German items were added to the Marshall collection after it was received, notably a significant number of items printed in Vienna in the early 19th century for the emerging vernacular Greek market, e.g. Konstantinos Mikhael Koumas,Σ´υνoψισπυσικ˜ησ (Vienna 1812). Of the 896 items printed before Marshall's death 173 are German, like the rest of the Marshall collection mainly Protestant theology, e.g. Theodoricus Hackspan, Notarum philologico-theologicarum in varia et difficilia Scripturæ loca pars prima (-tertia) (Altdorf 1664).

Mason

2.133 Robert Mason (d. 1841) left the Bodleian Library the then ormous sum of £40,000, which was invested to give an annual yield of £1,048.10.0. The money was spent principally on buying contemporary foreign plate books, art books, archaeology, architecture, and de luxe editions which the library had hitherto not been able to afford. Out of the Bodleian's 95 German bibliographical items by Theodore de Bry, 75 are found in the Mason collection, a substantial addition to the library's collection of maps and atlases. Several of these were bought in 1850 through Henry Stevens, the London bookseller, from Sobolewsky, St. Petersburg (Asher's letter to Bandinel, 1 April 1850). In all, 946 items from Germany are found among the Mason books, characteristically items like Johann Sulpiz Boisserée, Monuments d'architecture du septième au treizième siècle dans les contrées du Rhin inférieur (Munich etc. 1842). In the Mason collection are the Heldenbuch (Hagenau 1509), and three low German Bibles (Magdeburg 1545; Lübeck 1533; and Lübeck 1494), all bought from Abraham Isaac Asher in 1849 (letter to Bandinel, dated 24 September 1849).

Meerman

2.134 The Meerman collection is made up of the library's purchases at the sale in The Hague 1824 of the books of Gerard Meerman (1722-1771), the Dutch scholar and jurist, and Johan Meerman (1753-1815), his son, who was educated at Göttingen and Leiden. Some items were extracted and placed in the "Auct." sequence, but the majority were kept together and given the shelfmark "Meerm.". The Meerman collection now consists of 1,211 printed items, of which 346 are from the German-speaking area. They deal with all aspects of learning, preponderantly from the arts and the law faculties, and the collection is a welcome supplement to the library's holdings of 18th-century German legal studies. Theology is also represented.

Monro

2.135 David Binning Monro (1836-1905) was commemorated by his friends through the purchase of over 844 items from his collection, for the Bodleian Library; the vast majority of these, 635, are from the German-speaking area. The collection centres on Homeric studies in Germany in the 19th century. 202 items are school programmes. In both respects Monro supplemented the collection donated by Gladstone (see above 2.115).

Murray

2.136 Harold James R. Murray (d. 1955) bequeathed a collection of materials relating to chess. Among the 27 relevant items is e.g. Der Schachkongress zu Leipzig im Juli 1877 veranstaltet zu Ehren des Altmeisters der Schachspielkunst A. Anderssen, von den Schachfreunden Deutschlands. Mit einer Biographie Anderssens und einem Rückblick auf die bisherigen deutschen Schachkongresse, von E. Schallopp. (Leipzig 1878). (On games and gaming, see also Jessel 2.120, John Johnson 2.121, and Douce 2.107.)

Museum Bibliographicum

2.137 The shelfmark "Mus. Bibl." is chiefly a collection of auction catalogues, but it also holds a smaller number of booksellers' and library catalogues. The collection, consisting of 1,058 items, is preponderantly British; only 60 items are German, e.g. the catalogue of Hermann Conring, Catalogus bibliothecæ Conringianæ quæ ... lege auctionis consueta distrahetur (Helmstedt 1694); a few of the German catalogues are priced in manuscript, e.g. Catalogus bibliothecæ Hasæanæ [Theodor Hase] ...cujus publica subhastatio fiet (Bremen 1732); Catalogus Bibliothecæ selectæ Malinckrotianæ, qui publica auctione distrahentur (Münster 1720) or Bibliothecae Platnerianae [Johann Zacharias Platner] medicae sectio prior (posterior) auctionis lege distribuenda (Leipzig 1749-1750). Sale catalogues are also found in many other sections of the library, mainly in the numerical sequence, and in the Douce and Broxbourne collections (see above 2.106-2.114 and 2.92-2.93).

Oppenheim

2.138 David ben Abraham Oppenheim or Oppenheimer (b. Worms 1664, d. Prague 1736), Chief Rabbi of Moravia, later also of Bohemia and resident in Prague, formed a large collection of Hebrew books, which he kept at the house of his father-in-law in Hanover, Leffmann Behrends (1634-1714), away from the Roman Catholic censors in Prague. As with the collection of dissertations, the Oppenheim collection is therefore of interest here in its entirety, as a collection formed in the German-speaking area. After his death, the collection passed to his son Joseph Oppenheim, who in turn left it to his son Hirschel Isaac Oppenheim, Rabbi of Hildesheim, who in due course transferred the library to that place. His widow, Gnendel Oppenheim, attempted to sell it; an incomplete catalogue was produced in Hanover in 1764, of which now only one copy survives, in Rostock University Library; Verzeichniss verschiedener hebräischen und rabbinischen Bücher, welche insgesamt aus der Hand auf die nachher angeführte Bedingungen verkauft werden soll (Hanover 1764). The collection passed to Isaac Seligman Cohen of Hamburg, perhaps her son-in-law. He moved the collection to Hamburg, where he and Berend Salomon published another catalogue of the collection, partly prepared by Israel Breslau, Catalogus librorum R. David Oppenheimer (Hamburg 1782).

2.139 The library became a subject of dispute between the Hamburg and Hildesheim creditors of Cohen's estate; the Hildesheim creditors attempted to sell the collection to the Napoleonic body set up to organise the Jewish communities in the French Empire, and using in the attempt the assessment made in 1775 by Johann David Michaelis and Moses Mendelssohn who had valued the collection at 50-60,000 "écus d'Allemagne". This sale came to nothing. The Altona booksellers Lazarus Emden and Isaac Metz produced a third catalogue in 1826, but the collection failed to find a local buyer and was finally acquired by the Bodleian Library for 9,000 Thaler, then £2,080 (see C. Duschinsky, Rabbi David Oppenheim, Jewish Quarterly Review, n.s. 20, 1929-30, pp. 217-224, converts the 9,000 Thaler incorrectly); the receipt for this amount dated 27 March 1829 is among the Library Bills. A cheque drawn on Hemmersley, a banker in Pall Mall, backed by an insurance for £23.0.6, was sent to the English Consul General Henry Canning who organised the transfer of money. The books left Hamburg on board the "Argus", in 34 cases, on 22 May and arrived in Oxford on 6 June.

2.140 Manuscripts apart, the collection consists of c. 4,500 printed books, of which c. 36 are incunabula, then the largest collection of Hebrew books ever created by an individual person. The collection contains works in Hebrew, Yiddish, and a few in Western languages dealing with Hebrew matters. The collection was shelved separately but continued the tradition of an interest in Hebrew books already explicit in the first years of the Bodleian Library's history, in particular due to the personal interests of Sir Thomas Bodley.

2.141 After the acquisition of the Oppenheim collection, the library continued the development of its Yiddish and Hebrew collection, mainly in Hebrew or Yiddish, but also on related subjects in Western languages. For instance, the Bodleian Library purchased a large number of items relating to German Jewish affairs, which until c. 1850 were placed in "Art. Selden Z", 345 items in all; many are reports on the activities on German Jewish communities, for example Eduard Gans (1797-1839), Halbjähriger Bericht im Verein für Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden, am 28. April 1822. Dritter Bericht, am vierten May 1823 (Hamburg 1822-1823); or Gesetze für die Schüler der jüdischen Gemeindeschule ([Berlin] 1826); others are more general works on Jews in Germany, such as Johann Gottfried Hoffmann, Zur Judenfrage, statistische Erörterung, Anzahl und Vertheilung der Juden im preussischen Staate nach einer Vergleichung der Zählungen zu Ende der Jahre 1840 und 1842 (Berlin 1842).

2.142 The Oppenheim collection was supplemented by the purchase of 483 vols for £176.14.6 from the sale at Halle in January 1844 of the library of the Christian Hebraist Friedrich Heinrich Wilhelm Gesenius (1786-1842), whose sale catalogue was Bibliotheca Geseniana, sive Catalogus librorum ...gemmarum, nummorum ... quos reliquit ...Gulielmus Gesenius ... qui publicae auctionis lege divendentur (Halle a. d. S. 1843; see also Purchase List 1845, p. 15). Among the books purchased in 1845 were also c. 320 vols bought at auction from Catalogus librorum Hebr. qui cura commissarii auctionarii Lippert Halensis die vi mensis Aprilis 1845 ...venduntur issued in Berlin by Aaron ben David Rebenstein (or Bernstein) and David Cassel (1818-1893). Among the books purchased by the library in 1851 was a large collection of printed Hebrew books collected by Dr. Isaac Levin Auerbach of Berlin (1791-1853; see also Steinschneider col. L). The collection of Hebrew printed books was further supplemented through regular purchases of Hebrew books mainly from Abraham (Adolf) Isaac Asher, the Berlin bookseller, from 1853 Adolf Asher & Co.

2.143 On Asher's recommendation Moritz Steinschneider (1816-1907) was employed to prepare the catalogue of the Bodleian Hebrew books from before 1733 (published Berlin 1852-1860). In Steinschneider's catalogue (see below 3.2) works in Yiddish are marked Judeo-Germ[anice]. Steinschneider himself supplied the library with Hebrew books for a total of £ 322.10.6, between 1853 and 1855. J. M. Goldberg in Berlin also provided Hebrew books, his bills between 1851 and 1855 amounting to a total of £145.8.0. Between 1844 and 1857 some 2,100 pre-1733 vols were added to the collection, according to Steinschneider. The corresponding number of post-1732 editions cannot be accurately established, but "Opp. Adds." contains 886 19th-century works printed with Latin characters in the German-speaking area. They are included in the overall total of the library's holdings, whereas an accurate indication of books printed in the German-speaking area in Hebrew or in Yiddish cannot be provided. Later, an important supplier was J. Fischl Hirsch, of Halberstadt (mainly from 1875 to 1884; see MS Opp. adds. Handlist, and Library Bills 1883/84; a MS catalogue from 1872 is in Museum Bibliographicum, see above 2.137).

2.144 Other important German suppliers of Hebrew books were J. Kauffmann, Frankfurt a. M., first jointly with Joseph Baer & Co. (especially 1879-1891; see Library Bills, and MS Opp. adds. Handlist), Leo Liepmannssohn, Berlin (Library Bills 1882), Joseph Jolowicz, "Kunst- und Antiquariats-Handlung, Posen" (Library Bills 1881-1891), Chaim M. Horowitz (MSS catalogues from Frankfurt a. M., 1882-1884), R. N. Rabinowitz, Munich (in particular 1884-1888; see Library Bills; the catalogue of the library of the Munich merchant A. Merzbacher, in Museum Bibliographicum), and A. Faust, "Verlags- Sort.- & Antiquariats-Buchhandlung, Krakau" (Library Bills 1884). Books came from German-speaking dealers even further away: items were bought from the Odessa-phase of the remarkable Ephraim Deinard (1846-1930), originally from Latvia, "Buchhandlung und Antiquarium, Odessa" (Library Bills 1885). Until 1897 these additions were shelfmarked as "Opp. Adds.", whereafter the collection continued with the shelfmark "Hebr." The books in "Opp. Adds." cover the whole range of Jewish cultural life.

2.145 Religious texts are strongly represented, e.g.: [Haggadah] Liber rituum paschalium mit was für Ceremonien vnd Gebräuchen die Juden das Osterlamb gegessen haben [in Hebrew, Latin and German] (Königsberg 1644). Also educational material, e.g. Jacob Koppel ben Itzig's manual on Euclidian geometry, [Paraparadth Lachachma] (Vienna 1814); modern poetry, such as Louis Levy's poems, Orbis anni [in Hebrew but also with a Latin title-page] (Berlin 1842) inspired by James Thomson's The Seasons; or editions of texts from ancient manuscripts, such as "Hemdah Genuzah" (Königsberg 1856).

2.146 The greater part of these books, whether printed in the German-speaking area or not, is not included in the overall total of books from the German-speaking area, as they are catalogued separately from the library's collection in Roman or Greek script. The later acquisitions of Hebrew material also include extensive holdings of Hebrew printing from Germany from the 20th century until 1938; particularly well represented are the works from the publishing house of Salman Schocken (1877-1959), Berlin.

Rawlinson

2.147 Richard Rawlinson (1690-1755) made numerous donations in his lifetime and bequeathed to the Bodleian Library his manuscripts and those printed books which contained manuscript notes. This is a predominantly English collection, 3,010 of the 4,340 items in the collection being English imprints. Only 193 of his books are from the German-speaking area, as many as 96 being from the 16th century. They mainly reflect Rawlinson's interest in history and the classical authors.

Rigaud

2.148 The books of Stephen Peter Rigaud (1774-1839), the mathematician and astronomer, were sold in 1839; see Catalogue of the Theological, Classical, and Miscellaneous Library of Stephen Peter Rigaud (London: Evans 1839). At the sale, the Radcliffe Observatory bought his books on astronomy and mathematics. In 1933, 703 items were presented to the Bodleian, and the rest was sold. Of these 703, 100 are from the German-speaking area. The majority are from Rigaud's own lifetime or shortly before, although there are some older books, including 3 incunabula. The preponderance of contemporary works is probably mainly due to the selection made before the collection was presented to the Bodleian, where copies of earlier works would have been more likely to be present already, whereas 18th-century books might have been less likely to be found. Among slightly earlier works is found, Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, Examen désintéressé des différens ouvrages qui ont été faits pour déterminer la figure de la terre (Oldenburg 1738); an example of a contemporary work is Immanuel Kant, Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels. Neue Auflage (Frankfurt a. M. 1797; see also Savile below 2.150.)

St Amand

2.149 James St Amand (1687-1754), of Lincoln College, Oxford, bequeathed his books to the Bodleian. Out of 584 items only 58 are relevant, mainly supplementing the library's collections of continental works on antiquity and classical authors from the early 18th century, filling gaps arisen due to the deficient purchases made in those years (see Numerical sequence, Classics, above 2.65).

Savile

2.150 The books shelfmarked "Savile" formed the library of the Savilian Professors of Astronomy. Sir Henry Savile (1549-1622) founded chairs in astronomy and in geometry at Oxford in 1619 and endowed each chair with a library drawn from his own collections. Savile's own books are in the sections shelfmarked "Savile N-Z", "Aa" and "Bb". Later Savilian professors added to the library, most importantly Seth Ward, professor from 1649 to 1661, and his successor Christopher Wren, professor from 1661 to 1673. The last great donation to the Savile astronomy collection was made by John Wallis, professor of geometry from 1649 to 1703. Although his collection predominantly consisted of English books it contained a number of books with a German background. Wallis's and Wren's books are shelved in the sequence Savile A-M, in which are found 52 books from the German-speaking area, the majority from Wren's collection. The Savilian library was handed over to the Bodleian Library in 1884, and contains 183 items from the German-speaking area, out of a total of 1,079.

2.151 Despite the relatively small number, the collection is of some importance. The astronomical collections shelfmarked "Savile" are supplemented with material in other collections. Out of the Bodleian's total of 46 items by Johannes Kepler printed in the German-speaking area, 20 are in the Savile collection. The Bodleian Library has presentation copies from the author of all the works of Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), the astronomer from Gdansk, including his Selenographia (Gdansk: Hünefeld for the author 1647), in a Gdansk presentation binding; some of these were presented to the Bodleian, others were presented to Christopher Wren or John Wallis. Twelve out of the 17 relevant editions of works by Hevelius are in the Savile collection. Among the 9 relevant items by Tycho Brahe, the library holds the copy dedicated by Brahe to Grimani, the Doge of Venice, of his Astronomiae instauratae mechanica, printed in Wandsbek in Holstein in 1598, presented to the Bodleian Library by Henry Wotton in 1633, not in the Savile collection. Supplementing the editions of Apianus's work in the Savile collection is his Astronomicum Caesareum (Ingolstadt 1540), with its magnificent coloured revolving plates, probably acquired in 1842; in all the library holds 10 relevant editions of works by Apianus. Older astronomical authors are also represented, with 17 relevant items by Johannes Regiomontanus and 10 by Georgius Peurbachius (see also Rigaud above 2.148).

Selden

2.152 While the manuscripts of the antiquarian and lawyer John Selden (1584-1654) came to the Bodleian as a testamentary bequest, his printed books were presented to the Bodleian Library in 1659 by the executors of his will, the largest donation of the 17th century. Selden's books were kept separate from the original collection of the library, but duplicated its system of shelving; this classification is reflected in still existing shelfmarks: "Th. Seld.", "Jur. Seld.", "Med. Seld.", and "Art. Seld.". A number of items have been added to the collection since it was acquired (see e.g. Oppenheim above, on "Art. Seld. Z"). In what follows, books printed after Selden's death are therefore mainly disregarded. In the whole of the Selden collection there are 7,976 items, of which 7,202 date from before 1655. To these figures should be added a number of items extracted from the Selden collection and now placed in the "Auct." sequence, mainly incunabula. 2,229 items are printed in the German-speaking area, of which 1,810 are from before 1655, and 821 (45 per cent) of these can be called retrospective purchases made by Selden, being printed before 1600. The retrospective purchases are fairly equally distributed among the four faculties, slightly more to be found in "Art. Seld." than in the other sections. The level of retrospective purchases matches that found in the library's own faculty-divided sequences, perhaps a true indication of the relative importance of 16th-century scholarly material for 17th-century students.

2.153 Compared with the library's own faculty classification it is noticeable that, among the German books from before 1655, theology is much more predominant in the Selden collection (66 per cent versus 38 per cent), whereas medicine and, surprisingly, law are much less well represented (respectively 2 per cent and 8 per cent of the Selden collection, as against 13 per cent and 21 per cent respectively of the library's own sequences). Many individual sources of second-hand German books can be identified in Selden's collection, some listed by John Sparrow (see below 5), but only the books of Thomas Crashawe (d. after 1616), not listed by Sparrow, contain a substantial number printed in Germany: at least 21 vols of his can be identified in the Selden collection, of which about 10 are German legal books. Although there are no book fair catalogues in the Selden collection, there are a few other catalogues, which may be an indication of how he selected items for his library. Two examples are Valerius Andreas, Catalogus clarorum Hispaniae scriptorum, qui Latine disciplinas omnes humanitatis, iurisprudentiæ, philosophiæ, medicinæ ac theologiæ illustrando, etiam trans Pyrenæo euulgati sunt (Mainz 1607); or the two catalogues by Georg Draud, Bibliotheca exotica, siue Catalogus officinalis librorum peregrinis linguis vsualibus scriptorum (Frankfurt a. M. 1625); and Bibliotheca classica, siue, Catalogus officinalis, in quo singuli singularum facultatum ac professionum libri, qui in quauis fere lingua extant ...recensentur. ... Accesserunt notæ materiæ ac rubricæ (Frankfurt a. M. 1625).

"Th. Seld."

2.154 The total number of books in this sequence is 2,512, of which 2,413 are from before 1655; 595 are from the German-speaking area; 582 items are from before 1655; 247 (42 per cent) of them can be characterised as retrospective purchases, being printed before 1600; 106 (18 per cent) are in folio. The percentage of German material is c. 24 per cent, and thus matches that found in the library's own "Th." section. 102 of these are in folio, a much higher percentage than in the collection created by the library itself. The systematic textbooks which were so much in evidence in the library's own collection are here more in the background. Polemical literature, treatises relating to special aspects of canon law, and theological treatises are more central, written both by Protestant and by Roman Catholic authors; among the smaller formats alone, 122 items are from Ingolstadt or Cologne. An example of a Roman Catholic treatise relating to canon law is Nicolaus Serarius, De catholicorum cum hæreticis matrimonio quæstiones (Cologne 1609). Much of the material relates to ecclesiastical history, such as Aubertus Miraeus, Chronicon Cisterciensis ordinis (Cologne 1614); or is of a philological and historical interest, such as Decalogi Orationis Symboli Saxonica versio vetustissima, M. Freheri notis exposita ([Heidelberg] 1610). Philology and theological dispute in equal measures are represented in Johann Heinrich Hottinger, Exercitationes anti-Morinianæ: de Pentateucho Samaritano, ejusque udentica [sic] αυθεντι&alpha (Zürich 1644). A number of the German items in Selden's theological collection have an obvious English interest, such as the Cardinal Roberto Bellarmino, Tractatus de potestate summi pontificis in rebus temporalibus, adversus Gulielmum Barclaium (Cologne 1611); De iustitia Britannica, siue Anglica, quæ contra Christi martyres continenter exercetur (Ingolstadt 1584) will also have been of obvious interest for Selden as a lawyer. We also find items written by Roman Catholic Englishmen in exile, e.g. Nicholas Sanders, Vera et sincera historia schismatis Anglicani, de eius origine ac progressu; aucta per E. Rishtonum. Nunc postremum castigatius edita (Cologne 1628).

"Jur. Seld."

2.155 Out of a total of 1,305 items - 1,217 from before 1655 - 315 are from the German-speaking area; of these 303 (25 per cent of the 1,217) are from before 1655; 53 (16 per cent) are in folio. 136 (44 per cent) are retrospective purchases of pre-1600 material. While the library's own "Jur." sequence had a remarkably low level of retrospective purchases compared with the three other faculties, Selden's law books do not show this difference. There is a slightly higher proportion of German material than in the collections bought by the library in the same years. Frankfurt, Cologne, and Basel are the most frequently found imprints in this section, represented by respectively 79, 45, and 34 items. Few authors are represented with many items, but 10 out of a total of 20 relevant items by Alberico Gentili are found in the "Jur. Seld." section. One example is De jure belli, libri iii (Hanau 1598). Some items show an interest in German legal affairs, such as: Urbis Lubecæ & Anseaticarum: nec non imperialium civitatum, jura publica, per J. Sibrandum enucleata (Rostock 1620; in Latin and German); but most items are of a more general academic interest, like Hermannus Latherus, De censu, tractatus nomico-politicus (Frankfurt a. M. 1618).

"Med. Seld."

2.156 The total number of items classified here is 350, of which 291 are from before 1655; 91 items are from the German-speaking area, 81 from before 1655. This amounts to roughly the same proportion of German books as in the library's own medical sequence; 19 are folios (23 per cent); 31 (38 per cent) are retrospective purchases, being printed before 1600. A fair number are on alchemy or iatrochemistry, such as Andreas Libavius, Defensio et declaratio perspicua alchymiæ transmutatoriæ opposita N. Guiperti expugnationi: et G. Clavei Apologiæ, contra Erastum (Oberursel 1604); hermetic medicine is represented by works like Henricus Nollius, Theoria philosophiæ Hermeticæ, septem tractatibus ...explicata (Hanau 1617). Others are less theoretical, like Protus Casulanus, De lingua, qua maximum est morborum acutorum signum, opus (Cologne 1626); there is a number of general reference works, such as Paschalis Gallus, Bibliotheca medica; siue Catalogus illorum, qui ex professo artem medicam, in hunc vsque annum scriptis illustrarunt (Basel 1590). As in the general "Med." sequence, botany is often referenced here, e.g. Petrus Laurenberg, Horticultura (Frankfurt a. M. 1631).

"Art. Seld."

2.157 This section contains a total of 3,765 items, of which 3,045 are from before 1655; 1,235 items are from the German-speaking area, of which 851 are from before 1655; that is 27 per cent, a proportion which is slightly higher than in the "Art." sequence of books bought by the library; 448 (52 per cent) are retrospective purchases of books printed before 1600. Basel, Frankfurt a. M., and Cologne are the most represented cities, with respectively 179, 175, and 83 items. With very few exceptions the works from Basel are from before 1600. While many items on politics were classified as "Jur." , some are here classified under "Art." , as they traditionally would have been; by way of example, Christophorus Besoldus, Discursus politici singulares (Strasbourg 1626) is in "Art. Seld." , whereas there are copies both in "Art. Seld." and "Jur. Seld." of his Discursus politici. i., ii., iii. de monarchia, aristocratia, democratia, generatim tractantes (Strasbourg 1623). There are all in all in the collection 75 relevant items by or on Besoldus, of which 10 are in the Selden collection, the greater part being dissertations. Out of the 21 relevant items by Henrik Rantzau, 7 are in the "Art. Seld." collection.

Shelfmark Sigma

2.158 The shelfmark Sigma contains certain purchases made between 1826 and 1850. Out of 4,240 items, only 218 are relevant, a very miscellaneous group. The only identifiable subset is made up of 18 of the topographical works by Martin Zeiller, out of the library's total of 25 printed in the German-speaking area.

Tanner

2.159 Thomas Tanner (1674-1735), Fellow of All Souls (1696), Canon of Christ Church (1724), Bishop of St Asaph (1732-1735), bequeathed to the Bodleian Library his manuscripts and those printed books which the library selected. Out of 1,812 items, only 130 are relevant. Much of the material is related to the Reformation. Like the Crynes collection the most outstanding feature of a good but general collection of theology are the 11 items printed for Marian exiles in Emden and Wesel, among them The fortresse of fathers, ernestlie defending the puritie of religion, and ceremonies, by the trew exposition of certaine places of Scripture ([Emden: G. van der Erven] 1566). Some items for the English exiles were from Strasbourg, e.g. John Ponet, An apologie fully aunsweringe ...a blasphemose book ...of late set furth vnder the name of Thomas Martin ... against the godly mariadge of priests ([Strasbourg] 1556); or An humble supplicacion vnto God, for the restoringe of hys holye woorde, vnto the churche of Englande (Strasbourg 1554). Not for exiles, but for the English market in general was Theodorus Bibliander, A godly consultation vnto the brethren and companyons of the Christen relygyon. By what meanes the cruell power of the Turkes ...may ...be repelled (Basel 1542).

Tauchnitz

2.160 The library's copies of English literature in Tauchnitz editions were previously held in a variety of collections. However, in 1981 a separate shelfmark was created. Now it holds 468 items printed by Tauchnitz before 1900.

Shelfmark Theta

2.161 Theta was a shelfmark used between 1840 and 1861 mainly for multi-volume sets both of current and of older material. Out of 4,837 items, 383 are relevant. A typical example is Uebersetzung der Algemeinen Welthistorie die in Engeland durch eine Geselschaft von Gelehrten ausgefertiget worden (66 vols; Halle 1745-1814; translation by F. E. Rambach and others). One of the many purchases from Abraham Isaac Asher in 1850 is found here, Martin Luther, Der erste [-neunde] Teil aller deutschen Bücher und Schrifften des ...Doct. Martini Lutheri, ed. by J. C. Sagittarius (Altenburg 1661-1664). The index was particularly requested by Bulkeley Bandinel. Among the 72 items from the 16th century are 8 works by Johann Geiler von Kaysersberg, e.g. Predigen teütsch (Augsburg 1508), and also Cicero, Officia ...auff begere Herren Johansen von Schwartzenbergs ... verteütschet ...in zyerlicher Hochteütsch gebracht (Augsburg 1531, translation by J. Neuber and J. von Schwarzenberg), whereas the 1540 edition of the same work, bought in the same period, was placed in the Mason collection.

Tractatus Lutherani

2.162 84 vols, each containing numerous Lutheran tracts were purchased by direct negotiation from Sotheby's in 1818 for £95.15.0 (see accounts, Library Records b.3). The collection had been formed by Johannes Gottlob May (1754-1821), Professor of the St. Anna Gymnasium in Augsburg, and Assistant Librarian at the Kreis- und Staatsbibliothek in Augsburg (see G. C. Metzger, Geschichte der vereinigten königlichen Kreis- und Staatsbibliothek in Augsburg, Augsburg 1842, pp. 37-44). According to Samuel Sotheby's preface to May's manuscript catalogue of the collection, May had supplemented his own collection with additions from the collections of [Matthias Jacob A.] Steiner and [Georg Wilhelm] Zapf (1747-1810). In 1856 the library bought via Sotheby's from K. Schneider in Berlin for £300 a collection of 538 works by or about Luther or the Lutheran Reformation. Smaller additions were also made; in 1851, 42 items by Luther mainly printed in the 1520s were acquired.

2.163 The collection, now shelfmarked as "Tr. Luth.", consists of 2,513 items, of which all but nine were printed in the German-speaking area. This collection is the focus for the library's material relating to the Reformation, although much material is also found in other collections. The collection holds 1,166 of the library's 1,567 items by or about Luther (of which 1,206 are from before 1546), 71 of 286 by or about Melanchthon, 25 out of 80 by Johannes Cochlaeus; 73 of the total of 77 works by or about Andreas Bodenstein; 27 of 46 by or about Andreas Osiander; 33 of 664 by or about Erasmus. "Tractatus Lutherani" account for a substantial number of imprints from Wittenberg from before 1561, 564 out of 773 present in the entire library; also Augsburg imprints are heavily represented here with 448 out of 855 items; Nuremberg with 218 out of 663 pre-1561 items, and Leipzig with 103 out of 365 pre-1561; the 125 items from Strasbourg constitute a less significant proportion, the entire number of pre-1561 Strasbourg imprints being 1,046.

Veteriora

2.164 This shelfmark contains antiquarian material printed between 1501 and 1850, purchased since 1937. It is divided by country of imprint following post-1945 borders, further subdivided by period, and size. The German section, "Vet. D" contains 2,820 items. About 540 items have been catalogued after 1988 and are therefore not included in the library's CD-ROM of pre-1920 imprints; 203 relevant items are found in the French sequence "Vet. E"; in all just over 3,000 antiquarian items from the German-speaking area have been acquired since 1939. "Vet. D1" contains 956 16th-century items printed between 1501 and 1600 within the borders of present-day Germany; most were bought from a great variety of sources; but some 300 items, including 6 incunabula, were acquired from the Augsburg Staats- und Stadtbibliothek; an exchange agreement was made in 1947 through the personal contacts of the classicist Dr Stefan Weinstock, a German refugee by then permanently settled in Oxford, whereby the Staats- und Stadtbibliothek offered antiquarian duplicates in exchange for contemporary British imprints. In 1960 the Bodleian Library also acquired 5 incunabula from Augsburg Staats- und Stadtbibliothek in this way; these were shelfmarked "Don.". Most of the items acquired by this procedure are found among the books shelfmarked "Vet. D1 e.111" to "Vet. D1 e.246"; many of these supplement the collection of Lutheran Tracts (see Tractatus Lutherani above 2.162 ), although several are later than the bulk of that collection, and represent the Counter-Reformation. A few of them have the fine engraved bookplate of Andreas Beham the elder, dated 1595. The arrangement functioned until 1981. "Vet. D2" contains 184 items from 1601 to 1640. "Vet. D3" contains 328 items from 1641 to 1700. "Vet. D4" contains 358 items from 1701 to 1750. "Vet. D5" contains 564 items from 1751 to 1800, here e.g. 44 works by Kant. "Vet. D6" contains 78 items from 1801 to 1850.

2.165 The purchasing policy has been one of building on the already existing strengths of the library, such as the collection of Reformation material, works by or on Erasmus from before his death, and other individual authors or works which are well represented in the library. Some 100 dissertations have been bought, among which are 38 by Georg Wolfgang Wedel. Works by British authors published abroad have also been purchased, particularly from before 1800.

2.166 In the 16th century English scholarly works were often published abroad. Examples of such publications in the "Vet." section are Timothy Bright, In Physicam Gulielmi Adolphi Scribonii ...animaduersiones. Cum Isagoge methodica spheræ Scribonij (Frankfurt a. M. 1587); or John Case, Sphæra ciuitatis (Frankfurt a. M. 1589); John Cowell, Institutiones iuris Anglicani ad methodum et seriem institutionum imperialium ...digestæ ([Frankfurt a. M.] 1630); there are works printed in Germany by Samuel Norton, all in 1630, among these Catholicon physicorum, seu Modus conficiendi tincturam physicam, & alchymicam a veteribus philosophis adeo solicite quæsitam ...vna cum eiusdem tincturæ accurtatione, ed. labore & industria E. Deani, auctior & perfectior. Cui accessit Ramus triplex de compositione lactis virginis (Frankfurt a. M. 1630). In "Vet. D3" there are 20 works by Robert Boyle printed in Germany; three works by John Selden, one of the library's major benefactors (see Selden above 2.152). The collection holds a number of the works of Kenelm Digby in editions from Germany. In particular English political pamphlets have been collected, such as Erklerung der vrsachen welche die Königin von Engellandt bewegt haben, vmb den betrangten vnd vndertruckten Niederländern, hülff zubewegen vnd dieselbigen vnder jhren Schirm zunemmen (Cologne [1585]); and works by English religious exiles, such as Thomas Stapleton, Promptuarium Catholicum ...super omnia Euangelia totius anni, tam dominicalia quam de festis (Cologne 1592).

2.167 From a later period also works in English are collected, e.g. Letters of Abelard and Eloisa. With a particular account of their lives, amours and misfortunes by J. Hughes. To which are added, several poems, by Mr. Pope, and other authors (Vienna 1794); from the later part of the 18th century, however, most of the English-language material is English fiction, including three works by Henry Fielding, e.g. Amalia, oder das Muster ehelicher liebe (Frankfurt etc. 1752); or four works by Oliver Goldsmith, e.g. The vicar of Wakefield: a tale (Berlin 1769); or the obviously topical David Hume, The history of England, from the invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Revolution in 1688 (Basel 1789). Despite the presence of such English-related material, the majority of purchases supplement the library's collections of material of a general academic interest, continuing the traditional bias towards the arts and theology, although not ignoring other disciplines. There are e.g. 15 works by Albrecht von Haller in "Vet. D.4" and "Vet D.5", out of the library's collection of 38 items by this author.

Wood

2.168 Anthony Wood (1632-1695), historiographer of the University of Oxford, bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum his manuscripts and those printed books of which copies were not already there. The Wood collection was transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1860. It contains 5,635 items of which only 96 are from the German-speaking area, including four Frankfurt Fair catalogues from the early 17th century.

"Year books"

2.169 From 1824 to 1850 some current acquisitions, both of copyright material and of foreign purchases, were grouped by year of publication, as they were acquired. They were shelfmarked by year, followed by a running number. About 1,800 German items printed between 1824 and 1850 are found in this sequence. They are entirely undivided by subject.

Dependent Libraries

2.170 The Radcliffe Science Library is the continuation of the Radcliffe Library which was founded by Dr John Radcliffe as a library chiefly intended to buy foreign books. Dr Radcliffe, correctly for that period, understood the Bodleian Library to be neglecting this area. The Radcliffe Library, opened in the Radcliffe Camera in 1749, was administered by the Radcliffe Trust, and purchased chiefly in the area of natural science. In 1927, after a long period of transition, the Radcliffe Library finally came under the administration of the Bodleian, and its present buildings were finished in 1934, when all modern scientific books in the Bodleian's "numerical sequences" (see above 2.69-2.70) were transferred from the central Bodleian to the new building. The greater part of the Bodleian holdings in the natural sciences is now housed there. The Radcliffe Science Library also contains significant holdings of old and rare materials from the old Radcliffe collection. 3,774 pre-1900 items from the German-speaking area are indicated in the pre-1920 catalogue as being housed there now; of these 67 are from before 1800. See, however, also medicine and natural science, under "numerical sequence" (above 2.69-2.70), the greater part of which is also housed in the Radcliffe Science Library.

2.171 The Bodleian Law Library was established in a separate building in 1964. Most pre-1800 material on civil and canon law is retained in the central part of the Bodleian, but the legal sections of the numerical classification are kept at the Law Library. The main area of strength is in English, Commonwealth, and American law. German 19th-century material is represented with only 967 titles, including several periodicals; only 62 items are from before 1800. Early German legal items are more frequently found in collections still housed in the central Bodleian. While e.g. the Statutes of Prussia from 1751 to 1806 are retained in the old part of the Bodleian, the sequence from 1822 to 1860 is kept in the Law Library. Several other 19th-century statutes are also kept there, as are German works on foreign law, e.g. Kritische Zeitschrift für Rechtswissenschaft und Gesetzgebung des Auslandes (vols 1-28, 1829-1956).

Libraries incorporated:

Radcliffe Observatory: Oxford; transferred to the Bodleian Library in 1935; see Craster (below 4.2) 186.

3. CATALOGUES

3.1 Modern general catalogues

Oxford University union catalogue (OLIS)

[OPAC of books catalogued after 1988:

http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk; does not yet include the library's pre-1920 holdings]

The Bodleian Library. Pre-1920 catalogue of printed books [catalogued before 1989]. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1993 [on CD-ROM; also available on workstations in Oxford University libraries]

Consortium of University Research Libraries (CURL) [The University is a member of CURL, and all its library holdings which are recorded online are included in the COPAC union catalogue: http://copac.ac.uk/copac.]

3.2 Special catalogues

Steinschneider, Moritz: Catalogus librorum Hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana. Berlin 1852-60 (repr. Berlin 1931; Hildesheim 1964)

Cowley, A. E.: A concise catalogue of the Hebrew printed books in the Bodleian Library. Oxford 1929

The incunables are recorded in the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue (ISTC).

3.3 Historic catalogues

James, Thomas: Catalogus librorum Bibliothecæ publicæ quam vir ornatissimus Thomas Bodleius eques auratus in Academia Oxoniensi nuper instituit. Oxford 1605 (repr. as The first printed catalogue of the Bodleian Library. A facsimile. Oxford 1986)

James, Thomas: Catalogus universalis librorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana ...Oxford 1620 (reissued with an appendix by John Rous [Oxford 1635])

Hyde, Thomas: Catalogus impressorum librorum Bibliothecæ Bodleianæ in Academia Oxoniensi. Oxford 1674

Catalogus impressorum librorum. [Ed. R. Fysher]. Oxford 1738

Notitia editionum quoad libros Hebr. Gr. et La. quæ vel primariæ vel sæc. xv. impressæ vel Aldinæ in Bibliotheca Bodleiana adservantur. Oxford 1795

Catalogus librorum impressorum bibliothecae Bodleianae. 3 vols. [Oxford] 1843

Catalogus ...librorum quibus aucta est Bibliotheca MDCCCXXXV-MDCCCXLVII. Oxford 1843-51

4. ARCHIVAL SOURCES AND PUBLICATIONS ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY

4.1 Archival sources

Main archival material used:

Accounts 1642, 1649-57. Library Records c.27

Memoranda from accounts 1613-76. Library Records c.26

Accounts 1678-1813. Library Records c.28-29

Accounts 1813-69. Library Records b.3

Financial statements [including some bills] 1828-32; 1837-40. Library Records b.4

Accounts 1613-76. Library Records e.8 (partly published by Hampshire)

Accounts 1808-11. Library Records e.17

Accounts 1808-13. Library Records d.64

Day book 1613-20; 1719-24; 1724-50; 1787-1856; 1788-92; 1788-1813. Library Records e.9-14

Notes on accessions and accounts 1765-90. Library Records e.513

Bandinel's notebooks 1811-41. Library Records d.605; e.295-6; e.302; f.52; g.2

Curators' minutes 1678-1770. Library Records e.3

Curators' minutes 1786-92. Library Records e.4

Library bills 1613-1900. Library Records b.36-74

Bills 1620-1762. Library Records d.65

Bookseller's bill from 1627 in MS Corpus Christi College, 492, fol. 13

Hebrew purchases 1846-58: receipts, memoranda, offers. Library Records d.1077

The Librarian's annual reports to the Curators 1882-87. Library Records d.1836 4.1

[A Catalogue of books purchased for the Bodleian Library ... Oxford 1780-1860]

Annual reports of the Curators of the Bodleian Library from 1880 to 1900 ...Library Records c.12

Bandinel's correspondence 1819-54. Library Records d.248

Catalogue of printed books purchased c. 1733. Library Records e.186

Register of purchases 1781-81. Library Records c.928; d.429

Register of purchases 1781-87. Library Records c.928; d.429

Register of purchases 1815-22. Library Records c.929

Register of purchases 1822-36. Library Records b.228

Register of purchases 1837-43. Library Records c.930

Register of purchases 1862-82. Library Records d.430-5

Correspondence relating to purchases 1654-1910. Library Records c.950

Correspondence and papers about and lists of Hebrew purchases 1846-58. Library Records d.1077

Correspondence about the purchase of German books 1919-39. Library Records d.969

Hanson's correspondence 1949-52; 1953-57. Library Records c.1548-49

Hanson's correspondence with booksellers. Library Records c.1584-96

Madan collection of Bodleian papers 17th century-1869. Library Records c.1693

Catalogues of sales of duplicates 1862; 1865; 1870. Library Records e.523

Binders' books 1621-24. Library Records e.528

Benefactors' Register

Liber admissorum 1602-20. Library Records e.532

Liber admissorum 1611-92. Library Records e.533

Admission of foreigners 1683-1833. Library Records e.534

4.2 Publications (alphabetical order)

Barber, Giles: Treuttel and Würtz: Some aspects of the importation of books from France c. 1825. In: The Library, 5th series 23 (1968) pp. 118-144

Blundell, Catherine: The Bodleian Library. In: David Paisey (ed.): German Studies: British Resources. Papers presented at a colloquium at the British Library, 25-27 September 1985. British Library Occasional Papers 8 (1986) pp. 116-122

Craster, H. H. Edmund: History of the Bodleian Library 1845-1945. Oxford 1952 (repr. 1981)

C[raster], H. H. E[dmund]: Index to Duke Humfrey's gifts to the Old Library of the University in 1439, 1441, and 1444. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 1 (1914-16) pp. 131-135

C[raster], H. H. E[dmund]: Duke Humfrey's gifts. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 3 (1920-22) p. 45

[de la Mare, A. C.; Gillam, S.]: Duke Humfrey's Library & the Divinity School 1488-1988. An exhibition at the Bodleian Library June-August 1988. Oxford 1988

Gillam, Stanley: The Divinity School and Duke Humfrey's Library at Oxford. Oxford 1988

Hampshire, Gwen (ed.): The Bodleian Library account book 1613-46. With an introduction by Ian Philip. Oxford 1983

Ker, N. R.: The provision of books. In: James McConica (ed.): The history of the University of Oxford. Vol. 3. The collegiate university. Oxford 1986, pp. 441-486, at 465-466

Macray, William Dunn: Annals of the Bodleian Library Oxford with a notice of the earlier library of the university. Oxford 1890 (repr. 1984)

Madan, F.: Bishop Cobham's library. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 6 (1929-31) pp. 50-51

Parkes, M. B.: The provision of books. In: J. I. Catto and R. Evans (eds.): The history of the University of Oxford. Vol. 2. Late medieval Oxford. Oxford 1992, pp. 407-483, at 470-483 [on the medieval University Library]

Philip, Ian: The Bodleian Library in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Oxford 1983

Philip, Ian: Libraries and the University Press. In: L. S. Sutherland and L. G. Mitchell (eds.): The history of the University of Oxford. Vol. 5. The eighteenth century. Oxford 1986, pp. 725-755

Philip, I. G.; Morgan, Paul: Libraries, books and printing. In: N. Tyacke (ed.): The history of the University of Oxford. Vol. 4. Seventeenth century Oxford. Oxford 1997, pp. 659-685

Rogers, D. M.: The Bodleian Library and its treasures 1320-1700. Nuffield 1991

Sammut, A.: Unfredo, duca di Gloucester e gli umanisti italiani. Padua 1980

See also: A directory of rare book and special collections ... 2nd ed. London 1997, pp. 493-520

5. PUBLICATIONS ABOUT THE COLLECTIONS

Catalogues

Cordeaux, E. H.; Merry, D. H.: A Bibliography of Printed Works Relating to the University of Oxford. Oxford 1968

Wheeler, G. W.: Bodleian catalogues of the 17th century. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 1 (1914-16) pp. 228-232

Wheeler, G. W.: Bodleian press-marks in relation to classification. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 1 (1914-16) pp. 280-292, 311-319

Wheeler, G. W.: The earliest catalogues of the Bodleian Library. Oxford 1928

Incunabula

Coates, Alan E.: The Bodleian's incunabula in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Their acquisition, cataloguing, and housing. In: Bodleian Library Record 15 no. 2 (1995) pp. 108-118 5

Honemann, Volker: The Buxheim collection and its dispersal. In: Kristian Jensen (ed.): Incunabula. Books, texts, owners. Renaissance Studies 9 no. 2 (1995) pp. 160-188

Jensen, Kristian: Incunabula in the Bodleian Library. Berlin: Kulturstiftung der Länder, Fritz Thyssen Stiftung 1993 (Patrimonia 66)

Jensen, Kristian (ed.): Incunabula. Books, texts, owners. Renaissance Studies 9 no. 2 (1995)

Sheppard, L. A.: Two benefactions of Ulrich Zell. In: The Library, 5th series 12 (1957) pp. 271-273

Wagner, Bettina: Nürnberger Büchersammlungen um 1500. Inkunabeln aus dem Besitz von Christoph Scheurl und einigen seiner Zeitgenossen in Oxforder Bibliotheken. In: Mitteilungen des Vereins für Geschichte der Stadt Nürnberg 82 (1995) pp. 69-87

Wagner, Bettina: Bodleian incunables from Bavarian monasteries. In: Bodleian Library Record 15 no. 2 (1995) pp. 90-107

Radcliffe Science Library

Bibliotheca Radcliviana 1749-1949. Catalogue of an exhibition. Oxford 1949

Catalogue of the works in medicine and natural history contained in the Radcliffe Library. Oxford 1835

Guest, Ivor: Dr. John Radcliffe and his trust. London 1991

Numerical Classification

Classics

Lindsay, W. M.: Books (containing marginalia) of the Bibl. Heinsiana, now in the Bodleian. In: Centralblatt für Bibliothekswesen 18 (1901) pp. 159-163

Named Collections

Allen

The Allen bequest. In: Bodleian Library Record 4 (1952) pp. 178-179

Ashmole

Gunther, R. T.: The Ashmole printed books. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 6 (1929-1931) pp. 193-195

Gunther, R. T.: The Chemical Library of the University. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 6 (1929-1931) pp. 201-203

Gunther, R. T.: The library of John Aubrey. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 6 (1929-1931) pp. 230-236

Hunt, R. W.: The cataloguing of the Ashmolean collections of books and manuscripts. In: Bodleian Library Record 4 (1952) pp. 161-170

Hunter, M. and others: Elias Ashmole 1617 ...and his world. A tercentenary exhibition, 1983. Oxford 1983

Josten, C. H. (ed.): Elias Ashmole (1617-92): his autobiographical and historical notes, his correspondence, and other contemporary sources relating to his life and work. 5 vols. Oxford 1966

Ovenell, R. F.: The Ashmolean Museum 1683-1894. Oxford 1986 [especially p. 217]

Broxbourne

The Broxbourne Library. In: Bodleian Library Record 10 (1979) pp. 79-80

Ehrman, Albert: Contemporary collectors II. The Broxbourne Library. In: The Book Collector 3 (1954) pp. 190-197

News and comments. In: The Book Collector 27 (1978) pp. 83-87, 552-553

Nixon, Howard: Broxbourne Library. Styles and designs of bookbindings. London 1956

Pollard, Graham; Ehrman, Albert: The distribution of books by catalogue. Cambridge 1965 5

Buchanan

Gibson, Stanley: Bookbindings in the Buchanan Collection. In: Bodleian Library Record 2 (1941) pp. 6-12

Bywater

The Bywater Collection. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 1 (1914-16) pp. 80-81

Elenchus librorum vetustiorum apud ** hospitantium. [Oxford] 1911

Jackson, W. W.: Ingram Bywater. The memoir of an Oxford scholar. Oxford 1917

Deneke-Mendelssohn Collection

Crum, Margaret; Jones, Peter Ward: Catalogue of the Mendelssohn papers in the Bodleian Library. Tutzing 1980-89 (Musikbibliographische Arbeiten 7-9)

Crum, Margaret; Jones, Peter Ward: Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Oxford 1972 (Bodleian Picture Books, Special Series no. 3)

Jones, Peter Ward: Mendelssohn: An exhibition to celebrate the life of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy 1809-1847. Oxford 1997

Dissertationes

Catalogus dissertationum academicarum quibus nuper aucta est Bibliotheca Bodleiana. Oxford 1834

Evans, R. J. W.: German universities after the Thirty Years' War. In: History of Universities 1 (1981) pp. 169-190 [particularly pp. 174-181]

Douce

Catalogue of the printed books and manuscripts bequeathed by Francis Douce, Esq to the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Oxford 1840

Francis Douce 1757-1834. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 7 (1934) pp. 359-384

The Douce Legacy. An exhibition to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the bequest [to the Bodleian Library] of Francis Douce (1757-1834). Oxford 1984

Gough

A catalogue of the books relating to British topography and Saxon and Northern literature bequeathed to the Bodleian Library ...by Richard Gough. Oxford 1814

Holkham

Rogers, David M.: The Holkham Collection. In: Bodleian Library Record 4 (1953) pp. 255-267

Jacobs

Catalogus MSS et bibliothecae F. Jacobsii. Berlin 1849

A catalogue of books purchased for the Bodleian Library ... Oxford 1849

Jessel

The Jessel bequest. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 7 (1934) p. 520

The Jessel collection. In: Bodleian Library Record 1 (1939) pp. 116-118

Junius

Palmer, Nigel: Junius's blockbooks. Copies of the Biblia pauperum and Canticum canticorum in the Bodleian Library and their place in the history of printing. In: Kristian Jensen (ed.): Incunabula. Books, texts, owners. Renaissance Studies 9 no. 2 (1995) pp. 137-165

Kirchenkampf

Der Kirchenkampf. The Gutteridge-Micklem Collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. London: Saur Microfilm Edition 1988 [with "Introduction" by Catherine Blundell and Judi Vernau; contains "The creation of the Micklem-Gutteridge Collection" by Richard Gutteridge]

Laud

An exhibition of manuscripts to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the birth of Archbishop Laud 7 October 1573 - 10 January 1645 [at the Bodleian Library]. Oxford 1973

Hunt, Richard: Introduction. In: H. O. Coxe (ed.): Bodleian Library quarto catalogues. Vol. 2, Laudian manuscripts. Oxford 1973

Libri Hungarici

Bibliotheca Hungarica. Kirchen- und Profan-Geschichte und Topographie von Ungarn, Siebenbürgen, Croatien, Dalmatien und den unteren Donauländern. [An extract from an unidentified bookseller's catalogue, Leipzig 1850?; kept as R.6.238]

Evans, R. J. W.: Hungarica in the Bodleian. A historical sketch. In: Bodleian Library Record 9 (1978) pp. 333-345

Libri Polonici

Florczak, Zofia: Libri Polonici, a special collection in the Bodleian Library. In: Bodleian Library Record 14 (1992) pp. 207-227

Polonica from the Bodleian's pre-1920 catalogue. Oxford 1993

Locke

Harrison, John; Laslett, Peter: The library of John Locke. Oxford 1965 (Oxford Bibliographical Society Publications n. s. 12; 2nd ed. Oxford 1971)

Mansfield

Morgan, Paul: Oxford libraries outside the Bodleian: a guide. 2nd ed. Oxford 1980, pp. 80-82

Meerman

Bibliotheca Meermanniana; sive catalogus librorum impressorum et codicum manuscriptorum ...quos ...colligerunt ...Gerardus et Joannes Meerman ...quorum publica fiet auctio. 4 vols. The Hague, 8 June - 4 July 1824

A catalogue of books purchased for the Bodleian Library during the year ending November 8, 1824 [with] A catalogue of works purchased for the Bodleian Library at the sale of M. Meerman at the Hague, June 8 - July 4 1824, with a statement of the expenses attending the purchase

Oppenheim

Brisman, Shimeon: A history and guide to Judaic bibliography. Cincinnati 1977

Löwenstein, L.: David Oppenheim. In: Gedenkbuch zur Erinnerung an David Kauffmann. Breslau 1900, pp. 539-599

Meyer, H.: Materialien zur Geschichte der Bibliothek David Oppenheims. In: Soncino-Blätter 2 (1927) pp. 59-80

Offenberg, Adri K.: Hebrew incunables in the British Library and the Bodleian. Widening the bibliographical approach. In: Bodleian Library Record 15 no. 2 (1995) pp. 79-89

Roth, C.: An episode in the history of the Oppenheimer collection. In: Bodleian Library Record 5 (1954) pp. 104-108

Rawlinson

Enright, Brian J.: "I collect and I preserve". Richard Rawlinson, 1690-1775, and eighteenth-century book collecting. Portrait of a bibliophile XXVIII. In: The Book Collector 39 (1990) pp. 27-54

Enright, Brian J.: Rawlinson and the chandlers. In: Bodleian Library Record 4 (1953) pp. 216-217

Enright, Brian J.: Richard Rawlinson collector, antiquary, and topographer. D. Phil. thesis. Oxford 1956

Fletcher, William Younger: The Rawlinsons and their collections. In: Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 5 (1899) pp. 67-86

Tashjian, Georgian R.; Tashjian, David R. and Brian J. Enright: Richard Rawlinson. A tercentenary memorial. Kalamazoo 1990

Savile

Scriba, C. J.: Studien zur Mathematik des John Wallis (1616-1703). Wiesbaden 1966 [Anhang, S. 112-142: Die Bücher und Handschriften von John Wallis mit einem Überblick über die Geschichte der Savile Collection (jetzt Teil der Bodleian Library in Oxford)]

Selden

Barratt, D. M.: The library of John Selden and its later history. In: Bodleian Library Record 3 (1951) pp. 128-142

The Bodleian Library in the seventeenth century. Guide to an exhibition. Oxford 1951, pp. 43-47

Sparrow, John: The earlier owners of books in John Selden's library. In: Bodleian Quarterly Record 6 (1931) pp. 263-267

The MS catalogue now kept as MS Selden supra 111 was drawn up at Selden's house in London, probably shortly after his death; MS Broxbourne 84.10 and MS Add. c.40 were drawn up at the Bodleian Library 1672, the former for Chief Justice Vaughan, the other for another of Selden's executors.

Tanner

Sommerlad, M. J.: The historical and antiquarian interests of Thomas Tanner, 1674-1735. D. Phil. thesis. Oxford 1962

Tauchnitz

[Hurst, C.]: The Tauchnitz edition. In: The Bodleian Library Record 10 (1981) pp. 210-211

Todd, W. B.; Bowden, A.: Tauchnitz international editions in English 1841-1955. A bibliographical history. New York 1988 [Bodleian locations are given]

Tractatus Lutherani

Some account of Dr May's of Augsburg collection of tracts on the reformation [a MS list by Johannes Gottlob May, with a preface by Samuel Sotheby; kept as R.6.212]

The earliest section of the collection has been published in M. A. Pegg: A catalogue of German reformation pamphlets 1516-1548 in libraries of Great Britain and Ireland. Baden-Baden 1973

Most of the material is kept on microfilm by Luther Northwestern theological seminary, reformation library, 375 Como Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108.

Wood

Clark, Andrew: The Wood collection of manuscripts and printed books. In: The life and times of Anthony Wood described by himself, collected from his diaries. Oxford 1891, pp. 6-21 (Oxford Historical Society, vol. V 19, I)

May 1999

Kristian Jensen


Quelle: Handbuch der historischen Buchbestände in Deutschland. Digitalisiert von Günter Kükenshöner.
Hrsg. von Bernhard Fabian. Hildesheim: Olms Neue Medien 2003.